Pneumococcal Vaccine

The pneumococcal vaccine helps protect against serious infections caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. These infections can affect the lungs, brain and bloodstream, leading to conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis.

While many people think of pneumonia as a simple chest infection, pneumococcal disease can be severe, especially among young children, older adults and those with weakened immune systems.

In Singapore, pneumococcal vaccination is part of the National Childhood Immunisation Schedule (NCIS) and the National Adult Immunisation Schedule (NAIS), reflecting its importance in preventing avoidable illness and hospitalisation.

What does the Pneumococcal Vaccine protect against?

This vaccine guards against infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can lead to a range of illnesses, including:

• Pneumonia – a serious lung infection that can cause breathing difficulty and fever
• Meningitis – inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
• Bacteraemia or sepsis – a potentially life-threatening blood infection
• Ear and sinus infections – which can occur more frequently in children

How does the Pneumococcal Vaccine work?

By safely introducing your body to harmless pieces of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcal vaccine trains your immune system to recognise and fight the bacteria before it ever causes any harm. These fragments cannot cause infection, but they prompt your body to produce antibodies, which are your natural line of defence against future exposure.

Once these antibodies are formed, they remain on standby as part of your immune memory, ready to respond swiftly if you ever encounter the actual bacteria. This rapid response helps prevent serious infections such as pneumonia, meningitis and bloodstream infections, which can be life-threatening in vulnerable groups.

In short, the vaccine gives your immune system a safe rehearsal. So, it knows exactly what to do when faced with a real threat.

Types of Pneumococcal Vaccines available in Singapore

There are four main types of pneumococcal vaccines available in Singapore. Each type is designed for different age groups and medical needs, such as:

• PCV13 (Prevnar 13) – protects against 13 common strains of pneumococcal bacteria. It is currently the default pneumococcal vaccine used in Singapore’s National Childhood Immunisation Schedule for infants and young children.
  
• PCV15 (Vaxneuvance) – protects against 15 common strains of pneumococcal bacteria. It may be used as an alternative for infants and children but is not yet included under national subsidy programmes.
  
• PCV20 (Prevenar 20) – covers 20 strains and is usually recommended for adults aged 65 and above or individuals with certain long-term medical conditions.
  
• PPSV23 (Pneumovax 23) – covers 23 strains and is also recommended for adults aged 65 and above or those with specific chronic health conditions to provide broader protection.
  

Sometimes, both vaccines are given in sequence for greater protection, depending on your age and health status. Rest assured that at Phoenix Medical Group (link to about us page), our doctor can advise on the most suitable option for you.

Who should get the Pneumococcal Vaccine?

The pneumococcal vaccination is recommended for several groups, including:

• Infants and young children – as part of Singapore’s National Childhood Immunisation Schedule
• Older adults (aged 65 and above) – to prevent severe pneumonia and related complications
• People with chronic illnesses – such as diabetes, heart disease, lung disease or kidney conditions
• Individuals with weakened immune systems – including those undergoing cancer treatment or living with HIV
• Smokers or those frequently exposed to respiratory infections – who may have a higher risk of developing pneumonia

Who should not receive the Pneumococcal Vaccine?

Most people can safely receive the pneumococcal vaccine. However, it may not be suitable for individuals who:

• Have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous pneumococcal vaccine or its components.
• Are experiencing a high fever or acute illness, it is best to postpone vaccination until recovery.
• Are advised by their doctor to defer due to specific health conditions or treatments.

Because of this, our doctors will review your medical history to ensure vaccination is both safe and appropriate for you.

Benefits of getting vaccinated against pneumococcal disease

The benefits of pneumococcal vaccination extend far beyond simple infection prevention. It helps:

• Lower antibiotic use, helping fight antibiotic resistance.
• Prevent complications such as respiratory failure or long-term damage to the lungs.
• Protect vulnerable family members by reducing the spread of bacteria within households.
• Provide lasting peace of mind, knowing you are protected against serious illness.
• Reduce the risk of hospitalisation from pneumonia and other severe infections.

Is the Pneumococcal Vaccine mandatory in Singapore?

The pneumococcal vaccine is not legally mandatory, but it is strongly recommended by Singapore’s Ministry of Health (MOH) as part of national immunisation efforts. It plays an important role in protecting both children and adults from serious pneumococcal infections.

In Singapore, the vaccine is included under 2 key national programmes, which are:

• National Childhood Immunisation Schedule (NCIS) – all infants and young children are encouraged to receive the pneumococcal vaccine as part of their routine immunisations. This helps protect them early in life, when their immune systems are still developing.

• National Adult Immunisation Schedule (NAIS) – adults, especially seniors aged 65 and above or those with chronic health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease or weakened immunity, are advised to get vaccinated to reduce the risk of severe illness and complications.

To make vaccination more accessible and affordable, some of the available government subsidies and schemes are:

• For children – eligible for subsidies at polyclinics and CHAS GP clinics under the NCIS.
• For adults – costs can be offset using CHAS, MediSave and Pioneer Generation or Merdeka Generation benefits.

Pneumococcal Vaccine schedule and dosage

The timing and number of doses depend on your age and health status. But generally, it entails:

If you are unsure whether you have received your vaccination or need a booster, our doctor can check your records and guide you accordingly.

What are the possible side effects of the Pneumococcal Vaccine?

The pneumococcal vaccine is generally safe, with most side effects being mild and resolving quickly. Some of the common reactions include:

• Low-grade fever
• Mild redness, soreness or swelling at the injection site
• Tiredness or mild muscle aches

Severe allergic reactions are extremely rare. If you experience any unusual symptoms after vaccination, contact our doctor promptly for advice.

How to prepare for your Pneumococcal Vaccination

Preparing for your pneumococcal vaccination is simple and stress-free. While there is usually no special preparation needed, a few small steps can help ensure your visit is more comfortable and your experience goes smoothly

This may involve:

• Wear loose or short sleeves so your upper arm can be easily accessed for the injection. This helps the process go quickly and comfortably.

• Inform our doctor if you are feeling unwell, have a fever, are pregnant or have any known allergies or medical conditions. Our doctor will advise if it is best to postpone or adjust the timing of your vaccination.

• Stay hydrated and get adequate rest before your appointment. A well-rested and hydrated body can help minimise mild post-vaccination symptoms such as fatigue or soreness.

• Bring along your identification and vaccination records if available. This helps the clinic keep an accurate record of your immunisations.

• Plan to remain in the clinic for observation for about 15 to 20 minutes after your jab. This allows healthcare staff to monitor for any immediate reactions, though serious side effects are very rare.

Get vaccinated with confidence at Phoenix Medical Group

We believe preventive care is one of the greatest investments you can make in your health and in the well-being of those you love.

When you come to us for your pneumococcal vaccination, you can expect:

• Experienced family physicians who provide individualised guidance based on your age and health needs
• Convenient clinic locations across Singapore for easy access
• Quick, comfortable vaccinations with minimal waiting time
• Transparent pricing, with MediSave and CHAS subsidies available where applicable
• Comprehensive preventive care, allowing you to receive other recommended adult or travel vaccines in the same visit

We make every vaccination experience safe, efficient and reassuring. That way, you can focus on what matters most: staying healthy and well-protected.

Pneumococcal disease can be serious, but it is largely preventable through vaccination. Whether you are protecting a child, safeguarding yourself or caring for elderly parents, timely vaccination offers lasting peace of mind. Book an appointment with us today.

Frequently Asked Questions