Breast cancer remains a significant health concern for women throughout the globe. In Singapore, it stands as the most common type of cancer among women. The Singapore Cancer Registry [1] reported that breast cancer accounts for nearly one in three cancer diagnoses among women in the country. This translates to 29.7% [2] of all female cancers, with approximately 1,100 new cases diagnosed annually. However, what is even more concerning is the fact that roughly 270 women [3] succumb to the disease each year.

Due to its prevalence, early detection through regular screening plays a critical role in improving the survival rate. In fact, research shows that early diagnosis can increase the chances of successful treatment by as much as 90% [4].

The aim of breast cancer screening is to identify the cancer at its earliest stage, ideally before symptoms are noticeable. By detecting cancer early, women have more treatment options available and a greater likelihood of successful outcomes. This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of the breast cancer screening options available today, from blood tests to mammograms and how each method can contribute to early detection.

Understanding Breast Cancer Screening

Breast cancer screening refers to the preventive measures taken to detect breast cancer before any symptoms emerge. Unlike diagnostic tests that are performed when there are visible signs or symptoms of breast cancer, screening is done on seemingly healthy individuals, especially among those with a family history of breast cancer. The primary objective of screening is to identify cancer early, ideally when it is confined to the breast tissue, and has not spread to other parts of the body.

Regular breast cancer screening is essential for all women, particularly those over the age of 40 years old or those with a family history of breast cancer. However, women with other high-risk factors as listed below may need to begin screening early:

• Age — as women age, the risk of breast cancer increases, with most cases diagnosed after the age of 50 [5].
  
• Dense breast — women with dense breasts [6] are more at risk of breast cancer, with the density making it harder to see tumours on a mammogram.
  
  
• Family history — a family history [8] of breast cancer increases the possibility of breast cancer.
  
• Genetics — inherited mutations to certain genes (BRCA1, and BRCA2 [9]) can increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
  
• Menstrual history — women who started menstruating before 12 years old, or started menopause after 55 years old are more at risk of developing breast cancer due to the long exposure to hormones [11].
  
• Previous breast cancer history — women with a previous history of breast cancer [12] are at risk of relapsing. Meanwhile, women with a history of benign breast diseases like lobular carcinoma in situ, or atypical ductal hyperplasia, are more prone to developing breast cancer.
  
• Previous radiation treatment — prior exposure to radiation [13] due to treatment to the chest, or breasts before 30 years old increases the risk of breast cancer.
  
• Alcohol consumption — a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer increases if she consumes alcohol at an excessive rate [14].
  
• Lifestyle — women who lead a sedentary, or not physically active lifestyle are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer.
  
• Weight — women who are considered overweight or obese [15] after going through menopause are more likely to develop breast cancer compared to those who maintain a healthy weight.

It is important to understand that consistent screening can significantly improve a woman’s chance of beating the cancer, as early detection may also include the following benefits:

• Early intervention and treatment
• More treatment options available
• Better outcomes and results
• Lowers the necessity for more aggressive treatments
• Higher quality of life post-recovery
• Reduces the mortality rate

Be that as it may, it is crucial to choose the appropriate screening method based on individual risk factors, age, and lifestyle. In fact, working closely with a licensed and qualified medical practitioner will be advantageous, as they can help tailor a screening plan that best suits each woman’s needs.

Breast Cancer Screening Methods

There are various screening methods available today, each with its own unique benefits and limitations. These include blood tests, imaging techniques like mammograms, ultrasounds, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for those at high risk. While there are many options available, the choice of screening method often depends on the individual’s risk profile and medical history. The following briefly describes each method:

• Self examination — self-examination involves checking your own breasts for lumps, changes in breast size or shape, nipple discharge or discolouration.

• Clinical breast exams — clinical examinations are performed by a trained doctor, who will check for breast abnormalities or lumps.

• Blood tests — Conventional blood tests can be undergone to detect breast cancer markers, as well as innovative advancements, such as Mastocheck, which identifies specific biomarkers linked to early-stage breast cancer for earlier detection [16].
  
• Imaging tests — Imaging tests, such as mammograms, ultrasounds and magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs).
  

Each method plays a different role in breast cancer detection, and often, a combination of these tests may be necessary for comprehensive screening.

Blood Tests

Blood tests are often used to detect early signs of breast cancer. These tests work by identifying specific proteins or markers that cancer cells release into the bloodstream. To give an example, markers like CA 15-3 and CEA can sometimes indicate the presence of cancer, although these markers are not exclusively specific to breast cancer.

Even so, blood tests are valued for their non-invasive nature. They can be conducted quickly, with results available in a shorter time frame compared to imaging techniques. However, while blood tests can provide valuable information, they are not typically used as standalone diagnostic tools. Their sensitivity and specificity are limited, meaning that they are better suited as supplementary tests rather than primary screening tools.

That being said, blood tests are particularly useful for monitoring patients who have already been diagnosed with cancer to track the effectiveness of treatment or detect recurrences. Be that as it may, as a screening tool, blood tests should be paired with other methods like imaging for a more accurate diagnosis.

The Role of Mastocheck in Early Screening

Unlike traditional blood tests that focus solely on inherited mutations, Mastocheck utilises advanced proteomic analysis to identify tumour-related proteins which are released by cancer cells and can serve as early indicators of tumour presence. This test is non-invasive, requiring only a blood sample, and can identify cancerous changes (disease-specific expression patterns) before they become visible through imaging. Hence, proteomics-based early diagnosis technology, like Mastocheck, greatly maximises diagnostic accuracy — with about 77% accuracy for stage 1-2 breast cancer.

However, it is essential to understand that while various blood tests can provide valuable insights into cancer risk, it is not a replacement for imaging techniques. Rather, it serves as a complementary tool, especially for those at higher risk of cancer (shows 10%-30% higher sensitivity compared to Mammography alone). Knowing your current cancer status through Mastocheck can help navigate the decision-making process regarding the frequency of follow-up screenings or the need for further diagnostic imaging. 

The benefits of Mastocheck

The benefits of Mastocheck screening include:

• Early detection — Mastocheck enables the identification of breast cancer in its earliest stages, even before it becomes detectable through conventional imaging methods.
  
• Non-invasive procedure — Mastocheck only requires a small blood sample, offering a stress-free and comfortable screening process.
  
• High accuracy — It utilises advanced molecular diagnostic techniques, which allows it to detect specific cancer-related biomarkers, ensuring precise and reliable results.
  
• Enhanced detection for dense breasts — Mastocheck is especially effective for women with dense breast tissues where traditional mammograms may fall short in detecting. It delivers 10% - 30% greater sensitivity compared to a mammogram alone.
  
• Optimised outcomes — Early detection with Mastocheck increases the likelihood of successful treatment outcomes and reduces the need for more aggressive treatments.
  
• Radiation-free — By detecting cancer biomarkers without using radiation, Mastocheck provides a safer alternative for breast cancer screening.
  
• Accessibility — Suitable for younger women (ages 20 - 40), pregnant women, and those with breast implants or dense breast tissue. 

Mammograms

Mammograms remain one of the most reliable screening tools for early breast cancer detection. This method involves using low-dose X-rays to examine breast tissue for any signs of tumours or abnormal growths [17]. For women aged 40 and above, regular mammograms are often recommended, as the risk of developing breast cancer increases with age.

A screening mammogram is typically done once every one to two years for women at average risk, while those at higher risk may need to undergo mammograms more frequently.

The benefits of mammograms are well-documented. In fact, they have been shown to reduce breast cancer mortality by enabling earlier diagnosis. However, some women may find the procedure uncomfortable due to the compression of breast tissue required for clear imaging. Additionally, mammograms do expose women to a small amount of radiation, but the risk is generally outweighed by the benefits of early detection. 

Ultrasound and MRI: Complementary Tools

While mammograms are effective for most women, certain cases may require additional imaging techniques, like ultrasounds, and MRIs.

Ultrasound imaging is particularly useful for women with dense breast tissue, where mammograms may not be as effective [18]. Dense tissue can obscure tumours, making them harder to detect. Ultrasound also works using sound waves to create images of the breast tissues, allowing for better visualisation of abnormalities that may not appear on a mammogram.

Meanwhile, MRI is an advanced imaging technique, typically for high-risk individuals. MRIs use magnetic fields, and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast, making it possible to detect cancers that might be missed by mammograms, or ultrasounds. In fact, women with a strong family history of breast cancer, or those with known genetic mutations like BRCA1, or BRCA2 may benefit from regular MRIs in addition to mammograms.

Both ultrasounds and MRIs serve as complementary tools to mammograms, and are usually recommended when additional clarity is needed.

A comprehensive approach: Mammogram with Mastocheck

The importance of early detection in breast cancer

Early detection of breast cancer greatly improves survival rates and treatment outcomes. In fact, there is a 5-year relative survival rate for localised (tumour is confined to breast tissue) breast cancer is approximately 99%. This makes early detection of breast cancer and timely treatment paramount. 

Why combine Mammogram and Mastocheck?

• Mastocheck — Mastocheck is a blood-based test that detects specific biomarkers linked to breast cancer, and offers 77% accuracy for stage 1-2 breast cancer screening. In contrast, conventional single marker CA15-3 offers an accuracy of 10%. In comparison, Mastocheck has a higher sensitivity and more accuracy in early-stage detection.

• Mammogram — A Mammogram is a widely used imaging test that plays an important role in breast cancer detection, and is highly effective at visualising microcalcifications and small masses and tumours in the breast that can indicate early-stage cancers. This makes it a reliable, non-invasive way to detect cancer early and improve treatment outcomes. 

Combining a Mammogram with Mastocheck allows your doctor to detect structural changes in breast tissue and molecular changes in biomarkers that indicate early-stage breast cancer, offering a comprehensive significantly reducing the chances of false negatives. 

Undergoing a Mastocheck blood test can also reduce your need for unnecessary procedures and additional stress. This is because it provides additional confirmation when ambiguous findings are detected via the mammogram, helping differentiate between the benign and malignant abnormalities in the breast.

What to Expect During a Breast Cancer Screening

Breast cancer screening can feel overwhelming, especially when you are unsure what to expect. Our doctor provides careful guidance throughout the process to help you feel informed and reassured. Below is a step-by-step overview of the general breast cancer screening procedures offered at our clinic.

Initial Consultation and Pre-Screening Assessment

Breast cancer screening typically begins with an initial consultation with a doctor. During this appointment, your medical history will be reviewed, including any personal or family history of breast cancer. The doctor may also ask about your lifestyle, current symptoms and other risk factors that could influence your screening plan. This assessment helps determine the most appropriate screening approach based on your individual risk profile.

Blood Tests (if applicable)

If a blood test such as Mastocheck is included in the screening plan, the procedure is usually quick and straightforward. A small blood sample is drawn from a vein in the arm and sent to a laboratory for analysis to detect potential cancer markers. The process typically takes only a few minutes and involves minimal discomfort, similar to a routine blood test. Most individuals can resume their normal activities immediately afterwards, while results are usually available within a few days to a week.

Mammogram

If a mammogram is recommended as part of the screening process, you may be asked to change into a gown and remove any jewellery or clothing above the waist. During the procedure, the breast is positioned on a flat surface and gently compressed with a clear plastic plate to obtain clear images of the breast tissue. The compression may feel slightly uncomfortable, but it lasts only a few seconds.

Images are taken from different angles, usually two views per breast, and the entire procedure typically takes about 20 minutes. After the imaging is completed, the images are reviewed for any signs of abnormalities. Results are usually available within a few days. If any suspicious findings are detected, additional diagnostic tests or imaging may be recommended.

Ultrasound

An ultrasound may be recommended for women with dense breast tissue or when additional imaging is required. During the procedure, you will lie comfortably while a gel is applied to the breast area. A handheld device called a transducer is then moved over the skin to create images of the breast tissue using sound waves. The examination is painless and usually takes about 15 to 30 minutes.

Post-Screening Consultation

After the screening tests are completed, a follow-up consultation may be arranged to review and discuss the results. If any abnormalities are detected, the doctor will explain the findings and advise on the next steps. These may include further imaging tests, additional evaluations, or a biopsy to determine whether cancer is present.

How to Prepare for Breast Cancer Screening

Being well-prepared can help ensure a smooth and effective screening experience. To help you prepare for your breast screening, here is a detailed guideline to get you started.

Step 1: Scheduling Your Appointment

When scheduling an appointment for breast screening, do remember to pick a date at least a week after your menstrual period. This is due to the fact that your breasts are less likely to be tender during this time. Doing so can help minimise discomfort during the procedure. Additionally, for women undergoing blood tests or other non-imaging tests, there are no specific timing requirements.

Step 2: Dress Comfortably

On the day of your screening, wear a two-piece outfit so that you can easily remove your top piece of clothing for imaging procedures. Avoid wearing deodorant, antiperspirant, powders or lotions on your underarms or breasts, as these products can show up on mammogram images as white spots, potentially leading to false alarms.

Step 3: What to Bring

It is important to bring your identification, health insurance information, and any prior imaging results if you have been screened before. Having these past records allows our doctors and radiologists to compare images and detect any subtle changes in breast tissue over time.

Step 4: Pain Management

If you are concerned about discomfort during a mammogram, consider taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, about an hour before your appointment. This can help alleviate any pain associated with breast compression. However, always speak with your doctor before taking any medication to prevent any complications.

Step 5: Preparing for an MRI

If you are scheduled for an MRI, inform the technician if you have any metal implants, pacemakers, or allergies, particularly to contrast dyes. You may need to fast for a few hours before the test if a contrast dye is being used. Additionally, do remember to remove any metal objects, such as jewellery, belts or watches, before the scan, as this can disrupt the imaging process.

Step 6: Mental Preparation

For some women, the thought of undergoing a breast cancer screening can be anxiety-inducing, especially if it is their first time. But do remind yourself that these screenings are proactive steps toward maintaining your health, rather than dwelling on the possibility of malignancy. Some tips that can help ease your nerves before your appointment include deep breathing exercises, or listening to calming music. In fact, if asking questions can help reduce your anxiety, then do feel free to speak with our doctors to help you be more mentally prepared for the screening.

Step 7: Post-Screening Care

After your screening, there are generally no restrictions and you can resume your normal activities immediately. However, if you experience any soreness after a mammogram, applying a cold compress can help reduce discomfort. For blood tests, keep the bandage on for a few hours to avoid bruises.

By following these preparation steps and understanding what to expect, you can make your breast cancer screening experience as comfortable, and stress-free as possible.

Breast Cancer Screening Methods at a Glance

Feature	Mammogram	Ultrasound	MRI	Mastocheck
Purpose	Standard screening for breast cancer.	Complements mammograms and can be used to evaluate dense breast tissue.	High-sensitivity breast cancer screening for high-risk patients.	Blood test for early detection of specific biomarkers for breast cancer.
Recommended for	Women over the age of 40 years old or have risk factors for breast cancer.	Women with dense breasts, palpable lumps or other possible breast cancer indicators.	High-risk individuals.	Early detection or supplemental screening.
Technology	X-ray imaging, may sometimes include a contrast for Contrast Enhanced Mammogram (CEM).	Utilises targeted ultrasound waves to visualise breast tissue structures.	Utilises magnetic fields and contrast dye to visualise breast tissue structures.	Blood sample analysed for cancer markers.
Sensitivity	High sensitivity, but may not be as effective for dense breast tissue	High sensitivity, but may miss small or early cancers.	Very high sensitivity, detects small, early-stage cancers.	High sensitivity and provides risk indication for early cancers, but not the specific tumour location. Good early-warning tool.
Radiation exposure	Low-dose radiation.	None.	None.	None.

Take Charge of Your Breast Health Today

Breast cancer screening plays an important role in detecting cancer early, often before symptoms appear. Choosing the most suitable screening approach depends on several personal factors, including age, family history, genetic risk, and overall health. Understanding the available screening options allows you to make informed decisions and take proactive steps to safeguard your well-being.

For many women in their 40s, annual mammograms are commonly recommended. Women with higher risk factors or specific clinical indications may benefit from additional screening methods, such as Mastocheck testing or breast ultrasound. A consultation with an experienced doctor is important to determine the most appropriate screening strategy based on your individual risk profile. A personalised plan helps optimise early detection while providing reassurance that your breast health is being carefully monitored.

If you are considering breast cancer screening or would like guidance on the most suitable options for you, arrange a consultation (link to ‘Contact Us’ page) with our doctor. A professional assessment can help determine the right screening approach and support you in taking confident, proactive steps toward protecting your breast health.

References

[1] Breast Cancer. (n.d.). In www.singaporecancersociety.org.sg. Retrieved November 14, 2024, from https://www.singaporecancersociety.org.sg/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer.html 

[2] [3] Jara-Lazaro, A. R., Thilagaratnam, S., & Tan, P. H. (2010). Breast cancer in Singapore: some perspectives. In Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) (Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 23–28). Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-009-0155-3

[4] By. (n.d.). The landscape of breast cancer screening and treatment in Singapore. In how well do we know it. Retrieved November 14, 2024, from https://www.singhealth.com.sg/news/medical-news-singhealth/landscape-breast-cancer-screening-treatment-singapore 

[5] CDC. (2024). Breast Cancer Risk Factors. In Breast Cancer. https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/risk-factors/index.html

[6] Dense Breasts: Answers to Commonly Asked Questions - NCI. (2018). In www.cancer.gov. https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-changes/dense-breasts 

[7] Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer - NCI. (2021). In www.cancer.gov. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/hormones/des-fact-sheet 

[8] Brewer, H. R., Jones, M. E., Schoemaker, M. J., Ashworth, A., & Swerdlow, A. J. (2017). Family history and risk of breast cancer: an analysis accounting for family structure. In Breast cancer research and treatment (Vol. 165, Issue 1, pp. 193–200). Breast cancer research and treatment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4325-2 

[9] Petrucelli N, Daly MB, Pal T. BRCA1- and BRCA2-Associated Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. 1998 Sep 4 [Updated 2023 Sep 21]. In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1247/ 

[10] Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. (1997). Lancet (London, England), 350(9084), 1047–1059. 

[11] Eaton L. (2002). Early periods and late childbearing increase risk of breast cancer, study confirms. BMJ : British Medical Journal, 324(7334), 386. 

[12] Zeinomar, N., Phillips, K. A., Daly, M. B., Milne, R. L., Dite, G. S., MacInnis, R. J., Liao, Y., Kehm, R. D., Knight, J. A., Southey, M. C., Chung, W. K., Giles, G. G., McLachlan, S. A., Friedlander, M. L., Weideman, P. C., Glendon, G., Nesci, S., kConFab Investigators, Andrulis, I. L., Buys, S. S., … Terry, M. B. (2019). Benign breast disease increases breast cancer risk independent of underlying familial risk profile: Findings from a Prospective Family Study Cohort. International journal of cancer, 145(2), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32112 

[13] Joshi, S. C., Khan, F. A., Pant, I., & Shukla, A. (2007). Role of radiotherapy in early breast cancer: an overview. International journal of health sciences, 1(2), 259–264.

[14] Liu, Y., Nguyen, N., & Colditz, G. A. (2015). Links between alcohol consumption and breast cancer: a look at the evidence. Women's health (London, England), 11(1), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.2217/whe.14.62

[15] Dehesh, T., Fadaghi, S., Seyedi, M., Abolhadi, E., Ilaghi, M., Shams, P., Ajam, F., Mosleh-Shirazi, M. A., & Dehesh, P. (2023). The relation between obesity and breast cancer risk in women by considering menstruation status and geographical variations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC women's health, 23(1), 392. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02543-5

[16] Kim, Y., Kim, H.-K., Lim, C., Kim, S., Ahn, K.-G., & Noh, D.-Y. (2022). The usefulness of a three-protein signature blood assay (Mastocheck®) for follow-up after breast cancer surgery. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 149(9), 5733–5741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04550-9

[17]  CDC. (2025, February 6). Screening for breast cancer. Breast Cancer. https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/screening/index.html 

[18] Madjar, H. (2010). Role of breast ultrasound for the detection and differentiation of breast lesions. Breast Care, 5(2), 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1159/000297775 

Vaccination is not just for children. As we go about our busy lives, travelling, working, caring for loved ones, it is easy to forget that some vaccine protections fade with time. One of the most overlooked is the adult booster against whooping cough (pertussis), a highly contagious respiratory infection that has been resurging globally [1], including in parts of Asia and Singapore.

For most adults, pertussis may just mean weeks of persistent coughing. But for infants, older adults, and those with weakened immunity, exposure can be dangerous. It can even be life-threatening. Many adults may not even realise they are infectious, unknowingly putting loved ones at risk.

At Phoenix Medical Group, we believe prevention should continue well into adulthood. In this blog, we will explain why the Boostrix (Tdap) booster is increasingly important, who should consider it, and how a single jab can help protect not just yourself, but those around you.

A Comeback Disease?

It might sound like something from the past, but whooping cough is making a worrying return worldwide. Recent outbreaks in Japan [2], Australia [3], and parts of Europe [4] have highlighted how contagious and disruptive this respiratory infection can be, even in adults.

Closer to home, Singapore has seen a steady rise [5] in whooping cough notifications over the past decade. While many assume childhood vaccinations offer lifelong protection, immunity from the DTaP series wanes over time, leaving adults and those around them at risk.

For most adults, the infection may appear as a stubborn cough. But for infants, especially those under six months who have not completed their primary vaccinations, whooping cough can lead to severe illness, hospitalisation, or even death. This is where Boostrix, the adult pertussis booster, plays a crucial role.

What Is Whooping Cough and Why Is It a Concern?

Whooping cough is a bacterial infection that spreads through respiratory droplets, coughing, sneezing, or close contact. It begins like a common cold, but within days, the cough becomes persistent, violent, and uncontrollable, often ending in a high-pitched “whoop” sound. However, this is less common in adults.

In adults, whooping coughs often go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed as a lingering cough or bronchitis. But even mild cases can be highly infectious for weeks, passing the bacteria on to newborns, the elderly, or those with weakened immune systems.

Infants under six months old are especially vulnerable, as they are not yet fully protected by vaccines. Nearly half of all babies who contract whooping cough require hospital care. That is why public health efforts increasingly focus on immunising adults who live or work with young children.

The Role of Boostrix (Tdap Booster Vaccine)

Boostrix is a combination vaccine that protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap). It is specifically designed for use in adolescents and adults, especially as a booster after childhood DTaP vaccinations.

While tetanus boosters are commonly given every 10 years, the pertussis component is often overlooked. Many adults in Singapore have not received a Tdap booster in over a decade or at all.

Boostrix is:

• Safe and well tolerated in adults
• Administered as a single injection
• Suitable for pregnant women, caregivers, and healthcare workers

It is also the only adult Tdap booster available in Singapore approved for use from age 10 onwards.

Who Should Consider Getting Boostrix?

Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection that can be especially dangerous [6] for infants and the elderly. While childhood vaccinations provide early protection, immunity tends to wane over time. That is where Boostrix comes in. It is designed for adolescents and adults who need renewed protection, not just for themselves, but for those around them.

Whether you are travelling, working in a high-risk environment, or caring for young children, Boostrix can help prevent the silent spread of pertussis in our communities.

Travellers to Countries With Outbreaks

If you are heading to Japan, Australia, or any region with a current pertussis outbreak, a booster is highly recommended. Crowded airports, public transport, and tourist attractions can quickly become hotspots for respiratory infections.

Even if you do not fall ill, you could bring a whooping cough home unknowingly, placing family members, especially infants or elderly relatives, at risk.

Healthcare and Childcare Workers

If your work brings you into regular contact with vulnerable populations, you are on the front line of potential transmission. This includes, but is not limited to, the following professions:

• Doctors
• Nurses
• reschool teachers
• Eldercare staff

Many healthcare institutions globally now recommend, or require, regular Tdap boosters for staff. Protecting your patients, co-workers, and yourself starts with staying up to date on your vaccines.

Grandparents and Caregivers of Young Children

Adults are the primary source of whooping cough transmission to infants, often without realising it. This is why the “cocooning strategy” is widely encouraged. By vaccinating parents, grandparents, nannies, and close contacts, we help form a protective ring around babies too young to be fully immunised.

In Singapore, multigenerational households are common. As such, a simple booster jab could make all the difference in keeping your home a safer space.Grandparents and Caregivers of Young Children.

Pregnant Women Between 16 - 32 Weeks Pregnancy

Pregnant women between 16–32 weeks of pregnancy, regardless of prior Tdap vaccination. This protects the baby from whooping cough in their first months of life. Singaporean citizens are partially subsidised under the National Adult Immunisation Schedule (NAIS).

Pertussis Vaccination in Singapore: What You Need to Know

You can receive the Boostrix vaccine at Phoenix Medical Group clinics island-wide. The process is straightforward and quick:

• Eligibility – recommended for anyone who hasn’t had a Tdap booster in the past 10 years
• Pregnancy – safe in the third trimester to protect the baby through passive immunity
• Side Effects – mild and short-lived. May include sore arm, low-grade fever, fatigue
• Cost – reasonably priced, as subsidies may apply under certain health schemes

If you are unsure of your vaccination history, our doctors can help determine whether you are due for a booster.

Final Thoughts: A Simple Jab for Peace of Mind

Whooping cough is back, but so is prevention.

A quick, single-dose vaccine like Boostrix does not just protect you. It shields newborns, ageing parents, and those with weaker immune systems from a potentially life-threatening infection.

If it has been 10 years or more since your last tetanus jab, or if you have never received a pertussis booster as an adult, this vaccination is something to consider.

Take the first step today by booking your Boostrix vaccination with us. We offer same-day appointments, professional advice, and a care experience that is centred on your health, your comfort, and your peace of mind.

References

1. (N.d.). researchgate.net. Retrieved July 15, 2025, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387457091_Pertussis_in_Southeast_Asia_country-level_burden_and_recommendations_from_the_Global_Pertussis_Initiative

2. Japan’s whooping cough cases hit a new weekly high of over 3,300. (2025). In The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/japans-whooping-cough-cases-hit-new-weekly-high-at-over-3300

3. Quinn, H., Johnston, N., & Williams, P. (2025). Australia’s whooping cough surge is not over. In and, it doesn’t just affect babies. https://theconversation.com/australias-whooping-cough-surge-is-not-over-and-it-doesnt-just-affect-babies-257808

4. Khalil, A., Samara, A., Campbell, H., Ladhani, S. N., & Amirthalingam, G. (2024). Recent increase in infant pertussis cases in Europe and the critical importance of antenatal immunisations: We must do better…now. In International Journal of Infectious Diseases (Vol. 146, p. 107148). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107148

5. (N.d.). channelnewsasia.com. Retrieved July 15, 2025, from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/whooping-cough-pertussis-cases-rise-holiday-travel-lack-updated-vaccination-4813401

6. Lauria AM, Zabbo CP. Pertussis. [Updated 2022 Oct 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519008/

The PSLE and other year-end exams are a significant milestone for students and families in Singapore. As preparation ramps up, so do the stakes, and every parent wants their child to perform at their best. During these high-pressure months, ensuring your child’s health is just as important as revision and practice papers.

In recent years, more doctors have been recommending the seasonal flu vaccine [1] for school-going children, especially in the lead-up to major exams. This isn’t just about preventing illness — it’s about giving students the best shot at staying healthy, focused, and exam-ready.

At Phoenix Medical Group, we believe prevention is key, and in this blog, we’ll explain why getting the flu jab before exams could be a wise move for your family.

The Impact of the Flu on Exam-Season Performance

Flu season in Singapore tends to peak between September and November [2], which happens to coincide with major school exams like the PSLE, O-Levels, and end-of-year assessments. This unfortunate timing means students are at higher risk of falling ill during one of the most crucial periods in their academic year.

Children spend extended hours in close-contact environments, classrooms, tuition centres, canteens, and enrichment classes, creating ideal conditions for viruses to spread. Add to that the exam-related stress, irregular sleep, and general fatigue that many students experience, and their immune systems may be more vulnerable than usual.

If a student catches the flu, the effects can be more disruptive than many parents realise. Common flu symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, sore throat, body aches, and extreme tiredness can severely affect a child’s ability to focus, retain information, or sit through lengthy papers. Even a mild case can leave them feeling drained and foggy-headed, which is hardly the ideal condition for performing well under exam pressure.

The Role of the Flu Vaccine

The flu vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the most common influenza strains predicted for the year. It helps reduce the risk of infection and, in cases where the flu is contracted, often lessens the severity and duration of symptoms.

It’s important to note that the vaccine doesn’t offer instant protection [3]. It typically takes about two weeks for the body to build sufficient immunity. This is why timing matters. As such, having your child vaccinated well ahead of their exams ensures they’re protected during the most critical weeks.

Why Doctors Recommend It, Especially for Exam-Age Children

While getting the flu jab may feel like an additional task in an already packed exam schedule, doctors strongly recommend it for good reason. During high-stress academic periods like the PSLE, even small disruptions can have a big impact. Vaccinating your child against the flu is a simple yet powerful way to reduce risk and protect their hard-earned preparation.

Here’s why the flu vaccine is especially beneficial for students sitting major exams:

• Fewer sick days – falling ill during revision or just before an exam can derail months of preparation and practice.
• More consistent focus and energy – staying healthy allows your child to maintain momentum, concentrate better, and enter exam day feeling their best.
• Protects the whole family – children who catch the flu can easily pass it on to elderly grandparents, younger siblings, or parents, some of whom may be more vulnerable to complications.
• Reduces school outbreaks – higher vaccination rates help limit transmission in schools, benefiting classmates, teachers, and the wider community.

Ultimately, the flu jab is a small investment that can help ensure your child stays well, confident, and focused. Hence, giving them the best chance to succeed when it matters most.

Common Concerns Among Parents

It’s completely natural for parents to have questions or hesitations about any vaccination, especially when it comes to their child’s well-being. As a matter of fact, we often hear a few recurring concerns about the flu jab, and we’re here to clarify them with facts and reassurance.

“Will the flu jab make my child sick?”

This is one of the most common misconceptions. The flu vaccine does not contain live virus [4] and cannot cause the flu. Some children may experience mild side effects, such as a sore arm, low-grade fever, or slight fatigue, usually lasting just a day or two. These are typical signs that the body is building immunity, and they are far milder than the actual flu itself.

“Is the flu jab really necessary every year?”

Yes, because influenza strains evolve each year, and the vaccine is updated accordingly. Getting the jab annually ensures that your child is protected against the most current and prevalent strains. Even if your child has received it in previous years, they’ll benefit from the updated protection and are likely to respond well to future vaccinations.

When and Where to Get the Flu Vaccine

To ensure full protection during exam season, we recommend getting the flu jab at least 2 to 3 weeks before exams begin.

At Phoenix Medical Group, our clinics across Singapore offer:

• Quick and convenient appointments.
• Gentle, child-friendly care.
• Experienced doctors who understand the concerns of exam-focused families.

You can easily book your child’s flu vaccination through our online platform or by calling our nearest clinic to you.

Final Thoughts

A healthy child is a confident child, especially during exam season. While we can’t control the questions on the exam paper, we can take steps to protect our children from avoidable setbacks like the flu.

Getting the flu jab before exams is a simple, proven way to help your child stay well, perform at their best, and approach the PSLE or other major tests with peace of mind. At Phoenix Medical Group, we’re here to support you every step of the way. 

Protect your child’s health.

Protect their focus.

Protect their future.

References

1. All You Need to Know About Childhood Immunisations. (n.d.). In www.healthhub.sg. Retrieved June 12, 2025, from https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/all-you-need-to-know-about-vaccinations 
2. Seasonal influenza. (n.d.). In Communicable Diseases Agency. Retrieved June 12, 2025, from https://www.cda.gov.sg/professionals/diseases/seasonal-influenza 
3. Vaccine efficacy, effectiveness and protection. (n.d.). In www.who.int. Retrieved June 12, 2025, from https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/vaccine-efficacy-effectiveness-and-protection
4. Influenza vaccines – frequently asked questions (FAQs). (n.d.). In NCIRS. Retrieved June 12, 2025, from https://ncirs.org.au/influenza/influenza-vaccines-frequently-asked-questions-faqs